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The following problem comes out of Boas. I have a solution on my
website. From time to time, someone will email me and say my solution
is nonsense. In any case, it's a cute problem:
---
You're sitting across from a dealer. He shuffles a single deck of
cards and deals you two cards face down. He then looks at them
without showing them to you. Consider the following three distinct
scenarios:
1. He tells you nothing.
2. He tells you, "You've got at least one ace."
3. He says, "Wow, you've got the ace of spades."
For each of these three scenarios, what is the probability that if
you now turn over the two cards you'll find that you've got two aces?
IOW, what odds would you take to bet on it?