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John M: I took Bob's words to mean that the final temperature resulting from a fast compression would be the same as the final temperature resulting from a slow compression (not the same as the initial temperature). I disagree with Bob on this point in that the greater the speed of the pistion the greater the local pressure at the face of the piston. The relative velocity between the piston and the gas molecules is greater when the piston is closing in on them and hence the momentum transfer to the piston is greater with each collision and you have a greater collision rate; hence the greater pressure. Thus the piston does more work on the gas when the piston is moving faster so the final internal energy of the thermaly insulated gas must be greater and the final temperature of the gas must be greater.