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In the reference frame in which the center of mass of the system is at
rest, both the kinetic energy and the potential energy of a system
contribute to the inertia of that system (where the potential energy
contribution may be negative). The rest masses of the particles in the
system represents yet another contribution to the total inertia of the
system. Multiplying the total inertia of the system by the square of
the speed of light gives the total energy of the system. Thus, we have
three broad categories of energy: kinetic energy, potential (a.k.a.
configuration) energy, and rest mass energy.