Thanks to those who responded, so far. Fragments quoted by Gregory,
especially 4, 5 and 6, show how confusing the situation was. The dp of
a battery was compared with the difference of temperature (responsible
for the flow of heat), with the difference of pressure (responsible for
the flow of a fluid), and with a force. The term "force intensity" is
interesting. Even Milikan, a century after Volta's discovery (of the
electric pile), refers to the dp as a difference in "electric pressure."
Ludwik Kowalski
Let the perfect not be the enemy of the good.
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