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The emf for a reaction represents
the maximum work that can be obtained
=66rom that reaction. In order to obtain
the maximum work, the cell must operate
reversibly. Operating reversibly to
get the maximum work typically means
slowly, and certainly precludes
operating in a fashion that liberates
heat.
As the current (from a battery)
increases, the electrochemistry is
certainly moving from reversible
to irreversible, and heat is clearly
a factor. Therefore we cannot be
getting the maximum work. If we are
not getting the maximum work then
we must measure a potential difference
that is less than the emf.
This explanation never uses the
word "resistance."