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Re: A funny capacitor.

Can somebody explain the "gauge invariance"? What it means
and why is it called that way? It probably has somethinbg
to do with symmetry and energy but I am not sure. Is it a
new concept or a new term for something that used to have
a different name?
Ludwik Kowalski

John S. Denker" wrote:

... Gauge invariance requires Cij to be symmetric:
Cij = Cji (equation 3)

... Gauge invariance guarantees you can't possibly calculate
the voltage given the charge in this way.