Chronology Current Month Current Thread Current Date
[Year List] [Month List (current year)] [Date Index] [Thread Index] [Thread Prev] [Thread Next] [Date Prev] [Date Next]

Re: [Phys-l] Magnetic force and work



Topics that come up on phys-l often seem to inspire otherwise reasonable people to take black or white positions and to argue as if one can only do the physics by thinking about it one way--their way. I've been guilty myself.

I would argue that this is one of those topics. While I happen to be fundamentally in the "magnetic forces do NOT do work" camp, I'd be lying to suggest that I don't routinely work problems as if they do.

Within the realm of classical physics and in a world that does not include magnetic monopoles magnetic forces are ALWAYS and ONLY exerted at right angles to the velocity of moving, electrically charged objects. The fact that they, therefore, "do no work" is a trivial and direct result.

Nevertheless, take the standard example of a current running through a rod supported by frictionless horizontal rails in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field. I venture to say that few if any of us would balk at calculating a magnetic force on the rod, finding that it is in (or against) the direction of motion of the rod, and determining that the rod gains kinetic energy equal to the work done by that magnetic force.

One CAN argue (correctly in my view) that the force that accelerates the rod is an electric force that arises because of the Hall polarization of the rod. (The negative conduction electrons are driven preferentially toward one side of the rod and they pull the positively charged lattice toward them.) In my view it's very useful to see that one can look at it this way and reconcile the fact that "magnetic forces do NOT do work," but it isn't a very convenient way to solve problems.

--
John "Slo" Mallinckrodt

Professor of Physics, Cal Poly Pomona
<http://www.csupomona.edu/~ajm>

and

Lead Guitarist, Out-Laws of Physics
<http://www.csupomona.edu/~hsleff/OoPs.html>