conversion factors

[Ludwik Kowalski <kowalskil@MAIL.MONTCLAIR.EDU>]

Economists discussing energy-related
issues often use commercial units. Below
is a table of conversion factors given by
H. Geller in his 2003 "Energy Revolution:
Politics for a Sustainable Future"  book.

1 kwh (kilowatt-hour)=3.6*10^6 J = 3.6 MJ

1 QUAD (quadrillion BTUs)
       = 1.05*10^18 J = 1.05 EJ (exa-joules)

1 TOE (ton of oil equivalent) = 4.19*10^9 J
       =4.19 GJ

1 BBL (barrel of oil) = 6.1*10^9 J = 6.1 GJ

1 TCE (ton of coal equivalent) = 2.93*10^10 J
       = 29.3 GJ

A typical U.S. household consumes about
190 GJ of energy per year (including loses
in electricity production and delivery).

A typical U.S. car or light track consumes about
600 gallons of gasoline per year, equivalent to
79 GJ.

A typical U.S. refrigirator, now in use,
consumes about 3.24 GJ per year (900  kwh).
A 60 W light bulb, used 4 hours per day,
consumes 0.31 MJ per year (88 kwh).

I hope somebody will find this summary useful.
Ludwik Kowalski