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For instance, take a thermally isolated paramagnetic substance and
change the magnetic field slowly. Doing so alters the energy
levels of the spin states without altering their occupation
numbers and is, therefore, "pure" work. This is the basis of the
adiabatic demagnetizaion refrigerator. It is closely analogous to
the way that moving the piston slowly while thermally isolating
the gas alters the translational kinetic energy levels of the gas
without altering their occupation numbers. Again, "pure" work.
John Mallinckrodt mailto:ajm@csupomona.edu
Cal Poly Pomona http://www.csupomona.edu/~ajm