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...these studies . . .(ref. 1-3). . . do indicate
statistically that certain approaches do better on the selective
testing methods used, I am no fan of *any* of the evaluation
instruments (tests) amenable to statistical tallying...
"The conceptual and problem-solving test . . .(Mechanics Baseline///
(ref. 6). . . results strongly suggest that the classroom use of
Interactive Engagement (IE) methods can increase mechanics-course
effectiveness well beyond that obtained in traditional practice."
"a. Interactive Engagement (IE) methods as those designed at least in
part to promote conceptual understanding through interactive
engagement of students in heads-on (always) and hands-on (usually)
activities which yield immediate feedback through discussion with
peers and/or instructors...
c. Traditional (T) courses as those reported by instructors to make
little or no use of IE methods, relying primarily on passive-student
lectures, recipe labs, and algorithmic-problem exams."
...it doesn't tell us how to extend the idea to other subject
matter and whether we can expect this success to extrapolate to other
subject matter,
say, for example, chemistry or biology, astronomy, nuclear physics,
relativity, or quantum mechanics. Especially it doesn't help me to
imagine how better to teach a subject where the concepts are not
directly accessible to the senses, and only indirectly related to
simple experiments one can perform. Have we any notion how to devise
an 'energy concept inventory' or a 'photon concept inventory' or a
'field concept inventory'? I don't think so."
.... The use of IE strategies can increase the effectiveness of///
conceptually difficult courses well beyond that obtained with
traditional methods.
Education research in biology (Hake 1999b,c), chemistry (Herron &
Nurrenbern 1999), and engineering (Felder et al. 2000a,b), although
neither as extensive nor as systematic as that in physics (McDermott
& Redish 1999, Redish 1999), is consistent with the latter in
suggesting that in conceptually difficult areas, interactive
engagement methods are more effective than traditional
passive-student methods in enhancing students' understanding.
Richard Hake, Emeritus Professor of Physics, Indiana University