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re:Flow of energy



Thank you.
question 1: Can photons flow?
question 2: Can there be a flux of luminous energy?
question 3: Is a particle a lump or a distribution or ...?
question 4: Do particles flow?
question 5: Can there be a flux of particles?
etc...
question inf: Can energy flow?
question inf+1: Can there be a flux of energy?

On Thu, 4 Sep 1997, David Bowman wrote:

James Wheeler asked:

What is a photon? What is an elementary particle? What is mass?

A photon is single-particle exitation of the Maxwell 4-potential field which
itself is a real representation (i.e. its own uncharged antiparticle) of the
adjoint representation of the U(1) gauge group which also forms a massless
spin-1 unitary representation of the Poincare' group.

E. Wigner has defined an elementary particle as an irreducible continuous
unitary representation of the Poincare' group.

Mass is the (Lorentz) invariant magnitude of the energy-momentum 4-vector
(actually covariant 1-form) of some object. This magnitude (when written in
mass units) is the object's internal (or rest) energy divided by c^2. The
internal energy is the energy of the object when viewed from a frame for which
the object's total momentum is zero.

(These definitions ignore any subtleties that may occur in a general
relativistic curved spacetime context.)

David Bowman
dbowman@gtc.georgetown.ky.us