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Let r be the *ratio* of negative to positive particles on the
negative plate. What is the ratio on the wire leading up to that
negative plate: one, less than r, equal to r, or greater than r?
I don't understand the question. I don't see how to attach physical
significance to the question or to any of the proposed answers.
In an ordinary capacitor, the number of charged particles is on the
order of a mole, i.e 6e23 particles. The amount of «net» charge on
either plate is on the order of a microcoulomb or less, i.e. at most
6e12 elementary charges. So to an exceedingly good approximation, r
is equal to 1 on the capacitor plates, on the wires, and everywhere
else.