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It's not just refueling. On combat aircraft, stray discharges can set off explosives or even launch missiles. This is a big problem on aircraft carriers, where the static charge on an aircraft just recovered can be considerable, and is typically insulated from the deck by the aircraft's wheels. The arresting cable should take care of most of the problem, but the electrical connection between the tail hook and the rest of the plane cannot be guaranteed, so, once the plane is parked one of the first things done is to connect a ground wire between the plane and the deck. When the plane is moved, the ground wire is switched from the deck to the tractor.
When trucks refuel aircraft, the first step is clipping on the grounding
strap connecting bowser and airframe.