<>"According to Norris and Inglehart (2004), 6% of those in the United
States do not believe in God. According to a 2004 survey commissioned by
the BBC( v ), 9% of Americans do not believe in God. Rice (2003) found
that 3.8% of Americans don’t believe in God or “a spirit or life force.”
According to Hout and Fischer (2002), between 3-4.5% of Americans are
either atheist or agnostic; Marwell and Demerath (2003) suggest that a
more accurate estimate is 7%. According to Paul (2002) and Froese
(2001), 8% of Americans are atheist or agnostic. The Pew Forum on
Religion and Public Life found that 16% of Americans claim no religious
affiliation (Kang, 2004). According to Gallup and Lindsay (1999:99), 5%
of Americans do not believe in God or a “Higher Power."