In a message dated 4/4/2007 9:33:16 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
lcrowell@SWCP.COM writes:
----- Original Message -----
From: _Bob Zannelli_ (mailto:RBZannelli@AOL.COM)
To: _AVOID-L@HAWAII.EDU_ (mailto:AVOID-L@HAWAII.EDU)
Sent: Sunday, April 01, 2007 7:07 PM
Subject: Re: CPT Violation due to deformed lorentz transforms
In a message dated 4/1/2007 4:01:11 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time,
_lcrowell@SWCP.COM_ (mailto:lcrowell@SWCP.COM) writes:
----- Original Message -----
From: _Bob Zannelli_ (mailto:RBZannelli@AOL.COM)
To: _avoid-l@HAWAII.EDU_ (mailto:avoid-l@HAWAII.EDU)
Sent: Saturday, March 31, 2007 9:34 PM
Subject: CPT Violation due to deformed lorentz transforms
CPT violations would mean that physics is fundamentally not unitary. Now
maybe some sort of conformal violation might induce an effective CPT violation
in some gauge particle theory with an effective Lagrangian. In this way the
CPT violation would be an apparent physical effect.
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Lawrence as you , we certainly don't expect CPT violation in QFT.
Nevertheless when we incorporate gravity which suggest new Lorentz invariants we do
not have unitarity at or near the Planck scale. Gravity is not robust against
Decoherence so we should not expect unitarity. I think it's fundamentally
wrong to look at classical physics explanations , i.e. boundary condition ,
to explain the arrows of time. The Universe is a quantum entity and its
classical nature is an emergent and observer based structure generated by the
decoherence process.
-------------------
But, but, but ... we have to figure out whether there is such a thing as
quantum time. In other words is the time we put in quantum wave functions e^{i
frequency time} simply a representation of quantum states that fits with our
clocks. Time is something measured by a clock. Now one might say that there
is a quantum time, for we use Cesium transistions as an atomic clock.
However, to transduce this we have to disrupt or decohere the quantum wave
function. Similarly the time input into quantum wave functions is done in order to
find some ordering of measured quantum states (a statistical ensemble of them
to boot) that fits with measurements. In other words, we don't actually
ever measure a quantum system's time development completely independent of a
clock --- a device the measures a classical time.
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BZ
Yes the concept of time is a very difficult concept in QM but it becomes
truly perplexing in any possible QG theory. In order to deal with this
perplexity I suggest that as in QM , QG must derive time dependent states by the
superposition of static quantum states. Of course here we are really talking about
summing over topologies which is not well defined Mathematically.
But as a helpful simplified model I suggested that we could write the wave
equation of the multiverse as superposition of instanton structures which
each instanton wave function being a superposition of CPT inverses. This
would be a close analog of the timeless quantum described in Vic's book
"Timeless Reality". The no boundary proposal of Hawking and Hartle can really be
viewed as particle ontology applied to the whole Universe.
However, I am not pulling this out of thin air. This approach is
supported by an excellent paper by Jonanthan J Halliwell " Decoherence in Quantum
Gravity" as well as a series of papers by Claus Kiefer who is proposing the same
basic approach as I present here minus the CPT violation which I suggest is
implicit in non unitary physics at the Planck scale.
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So the question is whether time itself is an emergent property that is
completely classical. Classical mechanics has Poisson brackets with position and
momentum
so that the evolution of a classical variable F is
dF/dt = {F, H}
and is given by the Poisson bracket of the variable with the Hamiltonian.
This carries over to quantum mechanics. Yet there is no classical phase space
or energy surface concept of time as a conjugate variable like x and p.
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BZ
The problem with time is that energy is not bound from below. I suspect the
fix for this is a QT which incorporates on equal terms positive and negative
energy states. I suggest the timeless nature of the W_DW equation is because
this is the equation of a Biverse which incorporates time evolution in both
directions via the decoherence process. ( Timeless Quantum Again) This
Decoherence process is signaled by the onset of inflation and in fact I am
searching for a model which connects inflation and the Decoherence of the gravity
field. As successful as inflation is in solving the various cosmological
problems we do not have any identified scalar field to generate inflation or any
model which explains how a large CC could be present at the onset of the
inflationary epoch. I think there is a real possibility of a unified model for
inflation and dark energy connected by symmetry breaking events in the evolution
of the Universe all connected to a QG theory of some sort.
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There are Fourier transform rules with the frequency/time domains as
conjugate in quantum mechanics. Since energy is E = hbar*omega (omega = angular
frequency) the rule of thumb is that time-energy obeys the same rule as
position-time. This all seems to work pretty well, but frankly how we quantize
fields in relativistic QFT (no gravity or strange things) one can see the "seems"
on how we formulate this with equal time commutators and the rest. It is an
imposed construction, and one that I strongly suspect is incomplete when
things are extended to quantum gravity and cosmology.
The biverse idea I something that I can only see of value in finding counter
terms, indeed whole sets or categories of counter terms, in order to derive
a renormalization group for quantum gravity. Remember that quantum gravity
is not logarithmically divergent which can be handled by standard
regularization schemes. Quantum gravity is exponentially divergent, which means that a
"graviton" can couple to an infinite number of other gravitons up to any
order. But the biverse might be a machine for a new regularization scheme, but
just as regularization schemes remove the cut off, the other "universe" is
similarly thrown away.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
BZ
I think the reversed time solution in the Biverse proposal has the same
ontological status as the " other Universes" in the relative state formalism.
The Hawking Hartle wave function is a timeless superposition of CPT images so
based on this our Universe results from the reduction of this wave function.
You can generalize the W_DW equation
H*Psi=0
as
( H_g + H_m)*Psi=0
Where H_g and H_m are the gravitational and matter Hamiltonians
respectively. So given the Decoherence of Gravity at or near the Planck scale we might
expect a wave function reduction , and the emergence of a time parameter at
the onset of inflation , a idea suggested by Claus Kiefer in his series of
papers.
Bob Zannelli
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Lawrence B. Crowell
But since there is some larger basis where unitarity exist this does suggest
a global biverse structure analogous to the MW POV. The decoherence process
does generate an arrow of time and positivity constrains correlates this
arrow locally. While the exact Decoherence mechanism for gravity isn't
completely understood, there are several proposals that have been made. The success of
the semi classical gravity suggest a decoherence process that occurs near
the fundamental quantum gravity scale. I suggest the following might be worthy
of consideration.
The Wheeler De Witt equation is really the unitary Schrodinger equation
for the biverse. All this has a direct relationship to the measurement process
which results from the existence of event horizons. The key to understanding
gravitational decoherence is the Hawking process postulated to exist at the
vicinity of event horizons which can be viewed as a measurement process of
the quantum fields of the vacuum. The fundamental superposition state which is
an instanton structure takes the basic form
[biverse>= a*[CPT+> + b*[CPT->
[ Multiverse> = SUM { all i} a_i*[biverse>
Claus Kiefer who has written a number of very helpful papers on this
writes
" Decoherence starts at the onset of inflation, before inflation the
Universe is timeless and there is no classical evolution. In fact due to the
unavoidable quantum entanglement between matter and gravity , mutual decoherence
arises.
"Quantum Cosmology and the Arrow of Time"
Brazilian Journal of Physics June ano/vol. 35 numero 02A Sociedade
Brasileria de Fisica
The following are some useful links
Bob Zannelli
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Quantum Cosmology and the Arrow of time
Although most fundamental laws are invariant under time reversal,
experience exhibits the presence of irreversible phenomena -- the arrows of
time. Their origin lies in cosmology, and I argue that only quantum cosmology
can provide the appropriate formal framework. After briefly reviewing the
formalism, I discuss how a simple and natural boundary condition can lead to the
observed arrows of time. This yields at the same time interesting
consequences for black holes.
We give a consistent description of how the inflationary Universe emerges in
quantum cosmology. This involves two steps: Firstly, it is shown that a
sensible probability peak can be obtained from the cosmological wave function.
This is achieved by going beyond the tree level of the semiclassical expansion.
Secondly, due to decoherence interference terms between different
semiclassical branches are negligibly small. The results give constraints on the
particle content of a unified theory.
Is There An information loss Problem For Black Holes"
Black holes emit thermal radiation (Hawking effect). If after black-hole
evaporation nothing else were left, an arbitrary initial state would evolve
into a thermal state (`information-loss problem'). Here it is argued that the
whole evolution is unitary and that the thermal nature of Hawking radiation
emerges solely through decoherence -- the irreversible interaction with further
degrees of freedom. For this purpose a detailed comparison with an analogous
case in cosmology (entropy of primordial fluctuations) is presented. Some
remarks on the possible origin of black-hole entropy due to interaction with
other degrees of freedom are added. This might concern the interaction with
quasi-normal modes or with background fields in string theory.
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