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However when hot air is unconfined in the atmosphere what acts as the
surface of the balloon?
Key idea: Air is a fluid. It has a pressure everywhere.
Pressure is not something that happens just at surfaces.
Each parcel of fluid pushes on the neighboring parcels
of fluid.
Again: P = (N/V) kT
Same pressure, same temperature ==> same number
per volume. Then less mass per particle ==>
less mass per volume.
The H2O molecule is a lot less massive than N2.
Humidity rises for the same reason a helium
balloon rises.
At ordinary temperatures, you would need a
container many miles high in order to see
much fractionation of the atmosphere. (And
you would need to suppress convection, etc.)
This posting is the position of the writer, not that of Brown,
Einstein, Smoluchowski, or Nernst.