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On Tue, 2 Jan 2001, Ludwik Kowalski wrote:
Is this worth doing in a calculus-based course? It depends
on the situation. But one does not have to be quantitative
in using a "rigid cloud" model. A mental subdivision of
the cloud into three regions is already sufficient to show
why the effective negative charge increases with x. This
may be sufficient to explain how the restoring force can
be increasing when the proton is pushed away from the
center by an external field E. Thanks to all who helped.
Ludwik Kowalski
But the electron cloud is anything but rigid! The
Stark effect for a constant external field mixes ONLY the
p-wave orbits with the s-wave ground state (in the hydrogen
atom). The p-wave is a pure dipole, unlike a displaced sphere,
or cube, or cylinder, or displaced point charge.
This will be my last posting on this subject.
Regards,
Jack