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The semantics of tension:end of snip
Model a rope as a line of point masses connected by springs. When two
external forces pull the ends in opposite directions with equal force,
each constituent mass is in "tension"; ie - being pulled apart by its
connected springs. We say the rope itself is in tension (being pulled
apart). The end masses are each in tension under a single spring force
and an external force. The external force agents are being pulled toward
each other.
up by saying the conductor is at most in tension (being pulled apart),end of snip
never in compression (as would be an object submerged in deep water). I
think this term "tension" is properly applied to the entire conducting
object, and not just to a single surface element as my previous language
wrongfully did - mea culpa! The point is: the net electrostatic force on
each charged dA is OUTWARD.