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Re: When and How Strong?



It was the Rutherford experiment that established that there was a
nucleus, containing only positive charge and much smaller than the atom.
It had nothing to do with spin -- a concept that came in only much
later. The experiment was a scattering experiment involving alpha
particles against a thin gold foil. Nearly all the alphas went straight
through undeflected aith the occasional one deflected at a large angle
as if it had hit something small and very dense. Calculation of the
scattering cross-section for a nuclear model matched the experimental
results.
J. EPstein