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In reading Definition III of Principia, I get a sense that Newton
could have originated this particular term - he reaches it by means
of a small discussion:
"The Vis Insita, or innate force of matter, is a power of resisting,
by which every body, as much as in it lies, continues in its present
state, whether it be of rest, or of moving uniformly forwards in a
right line.
...
A body, from the inert nature of matter, is not without difficulty
put out of its state of rest or motion. Upon which account, this
vis insita may, by a most significant name, be called inertia
('vis inertiae') or force of inactivity."
Newton, trans Motte/Cajori